浩晨众云网站建设,新征程启航
为企业提供网站建设、域名注册、服务器等服务
View 的工作原理中最重要的就是测量、布局、绘制三大过程,而其中测量是最复杂的;

公司主营业务:成都网站建设、做网站、移动网站开发等业务。帮助企业客户真正实现互联网宣传,提高企业的竞争能力。创新互联是一支青春激扬、勤奋敬业、活力青春激扬、勤奋敬业、活力澎湃、和谐高效的团队。公司秉承以“开放、自由、严谨、自律”为核心的企业文化,感谢他们对我们的高要求,感谢他们从不同领域给我们带来的挑战,让我们激情的团队有机会用头脑与智慧不断的给客户带来惊喜。创新互联推出鹤庆免费做网站回馈大家。
那么我们就来介绍下View 的测量过程;
测量自身的大小的时候,会执行measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)方法。注意方法中两个参数,它们其实是一个int 类型的MeasureSpec;
1、specMode
测量模式分为三种:
2、MeasureSpec
View的MeasureSpec值是根据子View的布局参数(LayoutParams)和父容器的MeasureSpec至计算而来的,其具体逻辑封装在了getChildMeasureSpec()方法中
- public static int getChildMeasureSpec(
 - int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
 - //1、获取parent的specMode
 - int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
 - //2、获取parent的specSize
 - int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
 - //3、size=剩余的可用大小
 - int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
 - int resultSize = 0;
 - int resultMode = 0;
 - //4、通过switch语句判断parent的集中mode,分别处理
 - switch (specMode) {
 - // 5、parent为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY时
 - case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
 - if (childDimension >= 0) {
 - //5.1、当childDimension大于0时,表示child的大小是
 - //明确指出的,如layout_width= "100dp";
 - // 此时child的大小= childDimension,
 - resultSize = childDimension;
 - //child的测量模式= MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - //5.2、此时为LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
 - //也就是 Android:layout_width="match_parent"
 - //因为parent的大小是明确的,child要匹配parent的大小
 - //那么我们就直接让child=parent的大小就好
 - resultSize = size;
 - //同样,child的测量模式= MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
 - //5.3、此时为LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
 - //也就是 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 - // 这个模式需要特别对待,child说我要的大小刚好够放
 - //需要展示的内容就好,而此时我们并不知道child的内容
 - //需要多大的地方,暂时先把parent的size给他
 - resultSize = size;
 - //自然,child的mode就是MeasureSpec.AT_MOST的了
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
 - }
 - break;
 - // 5、parent为AT_MOST,此时child最大不能超过parent
 - case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
 - if (childDimension >= 0) {
 - //同样child大小明确时,
 - //大小直接时指定的childDimension
 - resultSize = childDimension;
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - // child要跟parent一样大,resultSize=可用大小
 - resultSize = size;
 - //因为parent是AT_MOST,child的大小也还是未定的,
 - //所以也是MeasureSpec.AT_MOST
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
 - //又是特殊情况,先给child可用的大小
 - resultSize = size;
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
 - }
 - break;
 - // 这种模式是很少用的,我们也看下吧
 - case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
 - if (childDimension >= 0) {
 - // 与前面同样的处理
 - resultSize = childDimension;
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
 - // be
 - resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
 - } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
 - // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
 - // big it should be
 - resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
 - resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
 - }
 - break;
 - }
 - //通过传入resultSize和resultMode生成一个MeasureSpec.返回
 - return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
 - }
 
1、performMeasure()
加载好系统布局资源后,会触发ViewRootImpl的performTraversals()方法,该方法内容会开始执行测量、布局和绘制的工作,我们来看这个方法的源码关键部分:
- private void performTraversals() {
 - ...
 - if (!mStopped) {
 - //获取顶层布局的childWidthMeasureSpec
 - int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
 - //获取顶层布局的childHeightMeasureSpec
 - int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
 - //测量开始测量
 - performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
 - }
 - }
 - if (didLayout) {
 - //执行布局方法
 - performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
 - ...
 - }
 - if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
 - ...
 - //开始绘制了哦
 - performDraw();
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
整个方法内部其实就是做了一些基础的判断后,再顺序的调用测量、布局和绘制的相关方法,从而完成自定义View的整个工作流程;
performTraversals方法,使用的是getRootMeasureSpec方法来获取子View的MeasureSpec;
整个Activity的顶层View其实就是一个DecorView,所以这里获取的其实是DeorView的MeasureSpec,然后将其传入performMeasure方法中去开始测量,现在看看PerformMeasure方法:
- private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec,
 - int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
 - Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
 - try {
 - //mView其实就是我们的顶层DecorView,从DecorView开始测量
 - mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
 - } finally {
 - Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
 - }
 - }
 
2、measure()
源码中找到了measure方法
- public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
 - boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
 - if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
 - Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
 - int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
 - int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
 - widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth);
 - heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
 - }
 - // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
 - long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
 - if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);
 - final boolean forceLayout = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
 - // Optimize layout by avoiding an extra EXACTLY pass when the view is
 - // already measured as the correct size. In API 23 and below, this
 - // extra pass is required to make LinearLayout re-distribute weight.
 - final boolean specChanged = widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec
 - || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec;
 - final boolean isSpecExactly = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
 - && MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - final boolean matchesSpecSize = getMeasuredWidth() == MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
 - && getMeasuredHeight() == MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
 - final boolean needsLayout = specChanged
 - && (sAlwaysRemeasureExactly || !isSpecExactly || !matchesSpecSize);
 - if (forceLayout || needsLayout) {
 - // first clears the measured dimension flag
 - mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
 - resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
 - int cacheIndex = forceLayout ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
 - if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
 - // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
 - onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
 - mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
 - } else {
 - long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
 - // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
 - setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
 - mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
 - }
 - // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
 - // an exception to warn the developer
 - if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
 - throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
 - + getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
 - + " measured dimension by calling"
 - + " setMeasuredDimension()");
 - }
 - mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
 - }
 - mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
 - mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
 - mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
 - (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
 - }
 
View的测量是View.onMeasure而ViewGroup的测量则是XXLayout.onMeasure,这两种onMeasure方法的实现是不同的
3、View.onMeasure()
获取一个建议最小值;
调用getDefaultSize方法定义对View尺寸的测量逻辑;
调用setMeasureDimension()储存测量后的View宽/高;
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec,
 - int heightMeasureSpec) {
 - setMeasuredDimension(
 - getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),
 - widthMeasureSpec),
 - getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(),
 - heightMeasureSpec));
 - }
 - getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
 - protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
 - return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
 - }
 - 前View是否有背景?没有就返回android:minWidth设置的值:有就返回android:minWidth和mBackground.getMinimumWidth()中较大的那个值;
 - public int getMinimumWidth() {
 - final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
 - //返回背景图Drawable的原始宽度
 - return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth :0 ;
 - }
 
getIntrinsicWidth()获取的是背景图的原始宽度,背景图是BitmapDrawable则有原始宽度,在没有原始宽度的情况下则返回0;
4、getDefaultSize()
- public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
 - int result = size;
 - //1、获得MeasureSpec的mode
 - int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
 - //2、获得MeasureSpec的specSize
 - int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
 - switch (specMode) {
 - case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
 - //这个我们先不看他
 - result = size;
 - break;
 - case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
 - case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
 - //3、可以看到,最终返回的size就是我们MeasureSpec中测量得到的size
 - result = specSize;
 - break;
 - }
 - return result;
 - }
 
测量模式是AT_MOST还是EXACTLY,最终返回的Size是一样的;
5、setMeasureDimension
该方法是储存测量后的View的宽和高的,在自定义View的时候,我们自己重写的onMeasure方法最后一定要调用这个方法,否则会报错
- protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
 - //1、判断是否使用视觉边界布局
 - boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
 - //2、判断view和parentView使用的视觉边界布局是否一致
 - if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
 - //不一致时要做一些边界的处理
 - Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
 - int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
 - int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
 - measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
 - measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
 - }
 - //3、重点来了,经过过滤之后调用了setMeasuredDimensionRaw方法,看来应该是这个方法设置我们的view的大小
 - setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
 - }
 - setMeasureDimensionRaw方法:
 - private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
 - //最终将测量好的大小存储到mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight上,所以在测量之后
 - //我们可以通过调用getMeasuredWidth获得测量的宽、getMeasuredHeight获得高
 - mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
 - mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
 - mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
 - }
 
以上就是View的测量过程,其顺序为:
performTraversals->performMeasure->measure->onMeasure-> setMeasuredDimension-> setMeasuredDimensionRaw,由setMeasuredDimensionRaw最终保存测量的数据
1、measureChildren()
作用就是遍历子View并调用measureChild()进行下一步测量
- protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
 - //参数说明:父视图的测量规格(MeasureSpec)
 - final int size = mChildrenCount;
 - final View[] children = mChildren;
 - //遍历所有的子view
 - for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
 - final View child = children[i];
 - //如果View的状态不是GONE就调用measureChild()去进行下一步的测量
 - if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
 - measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
2、measureChild()
作用就是计算单个子View的MeasureSpec,调用子View的measure进行每个子View最后的宽、高的测量
- protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
 - int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
 - // 获取子视图的布局参数
 - final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
 - // 调用getChildMeasureSpec(),根据父视图的MeasureSpec & 布局参数LayoutParams,计算单个子View的MeasureSpec
 - // getChildMeasureSpec()请回看上面的解析
 - // 获取 ChildView 的 widthMeasureSpec
 - final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
 - mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
 - // 获取 ChildView 的 heightMeasureSpec
 - final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
 - mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
 - // 将计算好的子View的MeasureSpec值传入measure(),进行最后的测量
 - child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
 - }
 
3、measure()
和View的measure一致
- public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
 - ...
 - int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 :
 - mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
 - if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
 - // 调用onMeasure()计算视图大小
 - onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
 - mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
 - } else {
 - ...
 - }
 
4、XXXLayout.onMeasure()
- ViewGroup的onMeasure和View的onMeasure是不同的,究其原因其实是因为ViewGroup是一个抽象类,所以即便它继承了View也不用必须实现View中的onMeasure方法,而它的子类不具备通用的布局特性,这导致他们的子View的测量方法各不相同,因此,ViewGroup无法对onMeasure()做统一的实现
 - FrameLayout为例,看看它的onMeasure是如何实现的:
 - //这里的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec
 - //其实就是我们frameLayout可用的widthMeasureSpec 、
 - //heightMeasureSpec
 - protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
 - //1、获得frameLayout下childView的个数
 - int count = getChildCount();
 - //2、看这里的代码我们可以根据前面的Measure图来进行分析,因为只要parent
 - //不是EXACTLY模式,以frameLayout为例,假设frameLayout本身还不是EXACTL模式,
 - // 那么表示他的大小此时还是不确定的,从表得知,此时frameLayout的大小是根据
 - //childView的最大值来设置的,这样就很好理解了,也就是childView测量好后还要再
 - //测量一次,因为此时frameLayout的值已经可以算出来了,对于child为MATCH_PARENT
 - //的,child的大小也就确定了,理解了这里,后面的代码就很 容易看懂了
 - final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
 - MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
 - MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
 - //3、清理存储模式为MATCH_PARENT的child的队列
 - mMatchParentChildren.clear();
 - //4、下面三个值最终会用来设置frameLayout的大小
 - int maxHeight = 0;
 - int maxWidth = 0;
 - int childState = 0;
 - //5、开始便利frameLayout下的所有child
 - for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 - final View child = getChildAt(i);
 - //6、小发现哦,只要mMeasureAllChildren是true,就算child是GONE也会被测量哦,
 - if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
 - //7、开始测量childView
 - measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
 - //8、下面代码是获取child中的width 和height的最大值,后面用来重新设置frameLayout,有需要的话
 - final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
 - maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
 - child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
 - maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
 - child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
 - childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
 - //9、如果frameLayout不是EXACTLY,
 - if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
 - if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
 - lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - //10、存储LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT的child,因为现在还不知道frameLayout大小,
 - //也就无法设置child的大小,后面需重新测量
 - mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - ....
 - //11、这里开始设置frameLayout的大小
 - setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
 - resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
 - childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));
 - //12、frameLayout大小确认了,我们就需要对宽或高为LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENTchild重新测量,设置大小
 - count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
 - if (count > 1) {
 - for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 - final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
 - final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
 - final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
 - if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
 - - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
 - - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
 - //13、注意这里,为child是EXACTLY类型的childWidthMeasureSpec,
 - //也就是大小已经测量出来了不需要再测量了
 - //通过MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec生成相应的MeasureSpec
 - childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
 - width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
 - } else {
 - //14、如果不是,说明此时的child的MeasureSpec是EXACTLY的,直接获取child的MeasureSpec,
 - childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
 - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
 - lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
 - lp.width);
 - }
 - // 这里是对高做处理,与宽类似
 - final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
 - if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
 - final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
 - - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
 - - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
 - childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
 - height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
 - } else {
 - childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
 - getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
 - lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
 - lp.height);
 - }
 - //最终,再次测量child
 - child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
测量始于DecorView,通过不断的遍历子View的measure方法,根据ViewGroup的MeasureSpec及子View的LayoutParams来决定子View的MeasureSpec,进一步获取子View的测量宽高,然后逐层返回,不断保存ViewGroup的测量宽高;
单一View,一般重写此方法,针对wrap_content情况,规定View默认的大小值,避免于match_parent情况一致。ViewGroup,若不重写,就会执行和单子View中相同逻辑,不会测量子View。一般会重写onMeasure()方法,循环测量子View;